Junking the plus-minus stat
This is an oft-talked-about subject in the blogosphere, but the Edmonton Journal's David Staples takes another run at highlighting how downright useless plus-minus really is:
"Playing on a good team or a bad team impacts a player's plus/minus ratings in a big way. I don't care if you are a Hall of Fame player.
"The best players on a bad team will really get hurt."
If this were the only bugaboo with plus/minus, it might still be considered a generally helpful stat, but the issues only start here. In fact, the stat is so wonky, it's more problematic than it is useful. It is used endlessly in debates about the merits of this individual player or that one, but it's not really an individual stat at all. Instead, it mostly measures the quality of a player's teammates and also the quality of his opponents.
Hard to argue with anything in there.
Reading Staples's piece, at first I couldn't help but think that this was an overdone argument, one we've heard so many times the past few years that there really isn't a lot new to add. Yet, if you think about it, plus-minus is still pretty much as prevalent as it ever has been. Players like Thomas Vanek and Viktor Kozlov are getting Selke votes because of it, and articles crow about Nick Lidstrom's value to the Red Wings on the basis of what is largely a junk stat.
The fact is, with sites like Behind The Net and others now out there, there are far better metrics available for measuring players' defensive performance, so much so that referencing plus-minus is really just an easy way out. I include it — not often, but it happens — because it's there, right next to points and PIM and all of the other counting numbers we've grown so used and attached to.
I don't think we need it, not anymore, not with everything else that's available. And new statistics aren't going to gain widespread acceptance and understanding until we stop leaning on the old crutch plus-minus has become.
Who's with me?
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While we're at it
Let’s junk GAA for goalies. It’s essentially the same stat.
But I concur
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 12:02 PM CST
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I’d also toss in GWG — it’s never been meaningful to me.
http://battleofcalifornia.blogspot.com/
by Earl Sleek on
Nov 20, 2008 12:11 PM CST
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Agree
I think we could come up with a pretty good list of useless stats, but +/- is probably the worst.
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 12:17 PM CST
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Yeah, that’s another awful one unless it’s an overtime goal or something.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 12:21 PM CST
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Even the now-extinct GTG was worth more than GWG, IMO.
by Afino on
Nov 20, 2008 12:44 PM CST
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GWG is worthless
Because it doesn’t really indicate anything and means alot different in different styles of games.
That said, if you wanted to create a statistic based on overtime goals, GWG and GTG with a given amount of time left in the game, then it may be possible to create something of interest.
by Ebscer on
Nov 20, 2008 6:52 PM CST
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A vote for GAA
I wouldn’t junk GAA — I’d just make people take a seminar on what it means before they’re ever allowed to use it in a sentence. Save% tells me about the goalie. GAA — after seeing save% — gives me a quick, illustrative reference to what the goalie’s dealing with night after night. For me, the teammates and opposition are implied within it.
So much of these stat category arguments fall on the simplicity/accessibility of them. People just want to be able to scan a sheet, recognize a stat, and feel they learned something quickly. If there were a quick, established acronym that people knew for some of the reports James runs, they’d probably be accepted pretty quickly (accept for by grumpy reporters, I guess). We need a Global Panel of Hockey Stats dictating these changes. Actually, given how long it took baseball statheads to gain even today’s level acceptance, we probably need to storm the league office and those of its broadcast partners.
SBN now has a NY Islanders blog at LighthouseHockey.com.
by Dominik on
Nov 20, 2008 2:18 PM CST
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I still stand by the +/- stat. Of course, it should be taken with a grain of salt – but it holds value. Voting for Vanek as a Selka candidate is silly.
Don't be afraid to take a few steps back, but you better keep moving forward.
by wlittle on
Nov 20, 2008 12:04 PM CST
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yep. It’s more a barometer of offense than defense. No need to junk it entirely, but let’s not use it to evaluate a player’s defensive ability
Hi, I'm new here
by David Driscoll-Carignan on
Nov 20, 2008 3:21 PM CST
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Boy, we’ve already got a ton of offensive measures available! If anything, they should break the stat down into pluses and minuses.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 3:23 PM CST
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While we're at it
Let’s junk the Goals stat for players. It’s essentially also a team stat dependent on the player’s opponents.
Btw, sorry for stealing your layout Jibbles
26 Card Jet
by Tommelot on
Nov 20, 2008 12:25 PM CST
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Surely you can see how plus-minus is more problematic than goals scored.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 12:27 PM CST
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Well, there are the moments when a player just entered the ice when a goal is scored, but in general good players will play with good linemates and will actually help them play better.
Maybe the argument that the combination of ‘the Offense being responsible for the +’ and ‘the Defense being responsible for the -’ would make the argument more shakey, but you know as well as I do that good players both play offense and defense.
So while this first comment started out as some kind of ‘troll’ post, I’m starting to feel that pretty much most stats are team stats and that Mr. Staples’ arguments for the +/- are not valid arguments at all.
In short; I’m not saying the +/- isn’t a bad stat, just that his arguments are a bit on the weak side
26 Card Jet
by Tommelot on
Nov 20, 2008 12:32 PM CST
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+/-
The stat has nearly no value. Judging a player’s value and ability on his +/- is like judging a landlord based on the value of his/her home.
Sure they can do little things to raise the value (new kitchen, maintenance/defense, forechecking, scoring goals) but ultimately the value of the home is mainly due to things he/she can’t control (economy, location, location, location, neighbors home maintenance, etc/teammates, goalie, quality of opposition, etc ).
Throw in the misleading nature of it, and it is all but useless
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 12:43 PM CST
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I know it is a misleading stat, to say the least. But I do feel it gives a sense on how good the lines in general are performing.
And the fact that it’s misleading just means the mislead haven’t really thought about it long enough.
I just don’t think there’s any argument against the +/- stat that wouldn’t apply to other stats
26 Card Jet
by Tommelot on
Nov 20, 2008 12:48 PM CST
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A) There are better stats available.
B) If plus-minus is used to define defensive contributions, why on earth does it matter how many goals are scored when a player’s on the ice? Players like Jay Pandolfo and John Madden are obviously stellar defensive players; their plus-minuses since the lockout are right close to even.
Brad Richards last season is a perfect example; he had the worst plus-minus for a good chunk of the year and it was merely an indication of how poor his linemates were in Tampa Bay.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 1:04 PM CST
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Layout?
huh? what’d you steal?
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 12:35 PM CST
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Well, your post title and your opening line to be exact. But don’t worry about it, I won’t use it with the ladies.
26 Card Jet
by Tommelot on
Nov 20, 2008 12:38 PM CST
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You should
It works wonders
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 12:38 PM CST
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Agreed
The +/- rating is a junk stat. Lead the charge.
I’m not so sure about junking GAA, though. It’s like ERA for goalies.
http://hockeyblogadventure.blogspot.com/
by Cornelius Hardenbergh on
Nov 20, 2008 12:43 PM CST
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Except
if ERA were calculated with unearned runs factored in.
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 12:44 PM CST
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Which is why
Baseball statheads like to use RA (which adds back in the unearned runs) instead of ERA.
But I digress. It’s the stat geek in me :)
by Afino on
Nov 20, 2008 12:47 PM CST
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not a big baseball guy
Doing that would seem to be a poor way to measure an individual pitcher, but a good way to measure the team as a whole.
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 12:50 PM CST
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That’s why the Baseball Prospectus guys (among others) have come up with ways to “normalize” ERA based on defense, park, league, you name it.
It’s the next logical step – applying the same kind of analysis to hockey. That’s why I love the work of people like The Forechecker.
by Afino on
Nov 20, 2008 12:46 PM CST
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Yes
I’d love to see a GAA+ that factored in the suckiness of the team around the goalie, and the quality of the opposition, and the style of play.
The bolts goalie will always have a higher GAA than the Wild’s, based on all that stuff. It’s not really fair to compare Smith to Backstrom using GAA
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 12:52 PM CST
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I agree and believe a (/-) stat would also work better than the current +/- stat. Except for typing purposes.
26 Card Jet
by Tommelot on
Nov 20, 2008 12:55 PM CST
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Yeah, it’d be better if both numbers were widely available, that’s for sure.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 1:04 PM CST
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I meant to type (+ /-) +
26 Card Jet
by Tommelot on
Nov 20, 2008 1:16 PM CST
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The only problem I could forsee with that is determining the “style” of play.
Now, there’s obviously a clear difference between the way Tampa Bay and Minnesota play, but for other teams it’s not so cut and dry.
Take Boston for example. They could be considered a “trap” or a “defensive system” team, but they’re among the top scoring teams in the NHL. If you’d adjust their numbers based on just saying they are a “trap” team, their offensive numbers would be skewed even more to the positive.
by Afino on
Nov 20, 2008 12:58 PM CST
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Agree
It’ll never be as easy as baseball. Hockeys a fluid game with no clear boundaries, and a lot of shades of gray. Baseball is very cut and dry. You make a play, stop, rinse repeat. It’s perfect for statistics (if done properly)
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 1:01 PM CST
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Yep. We just don’t have the defined one-on-one matchups, nor the defined areas of responsibility (“Hey, Right Winger, what are you doing receiving my pass on the left side!”).
Which, of course, is why I love this game. Bobby Orr is like the exemplar of what differentiates hockey from baseball.
SBN now has a NY Islanders blog at LighthouseHockey.com.
by Dominik on
Nov 20, 2008 2:23 PM CST
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Yes
I’ve never understood the usefulness of the +/- stat. It reminds me of the “Runs” stat in baseball. Total junk.
by rocketdog on
Nov 20, 2008 2:06 PM CST
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RBI is worse
But this is a hockey blog, not a baseball blog :)
by Afino on
Nov 20, 2008 2:11 PM CST
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i dunno
I guess you could argue that RBI is slugging pct w/some OBP thrown in, runs is a dash of OBP, but both rely on the strength of the overall batting order. Eh, they’re both ridiculous. Just dumb stats.
Anyway, yeah, yay hockey. :)
by rocketdog on
Nov 20, 2008 2:34 PM CST
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Damien Cox's
head is going to explode when he reads this post….
A Toronto sports blog, where we unequivocally and unapologetically support the home team...
by eyebleaf on
Nov 20, 2008 12:43 PM CST
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Tougher question than it looks
+/- has some value in that it’s easy to understand and even calculate, without need of time on ice, shift charts, etc. Used properly, it can give a quick understanding of how players are faring. If a player’s +/- changes while his linemates stay the same, that says something about his play.
I’m not saying there aren’t other metrics that are strictly superior in their accuracy, but simplicity has value.
Unfortunately it’s horribly misused and overused. It’s tricky to compare players on the same team and even worse to compare players on different teams.
I’m afraid it’s here to stay. Maybe we can just get people to stop basing their player evaluations (like ridiculous Selke votes) on a clearly flawed stat.
I've been looking at the sky
by Back In Black on
Nov 20, 2008 12:47 PM CST
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This post receives my full endorsement.
26 Card Jet
by Tommelot on
Nov 20, 2008 12:50 PM CST
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In the case of Vanek...
His +46 (and the Selke votes) in 06-07 was a result of playing against inferior competition while the Briere and Drury lines soaked up the top defenders.
It’s one of the reasons why he struggled so mightily the first half of 07-08 – the adjustment period going from playing against 3rd and 4th lines and 3rd defense pairings to playing against “real” checking lines and top defense pairs.
by Afino on
Nov 20, 2008 12:53 PM CST
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I’d agruee that the plus minus stat showed how good Vanek was versus the competetion that he faced.
by Ebscer on
Nov 20, 2008 6:31 PM CST
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+/- needs to be marginalized
But the problem is, it need to be replaced with something that is easily explainable and more accurate. As soon as you start explaining why EVGA/60 or adjusted +/- for on/off ice, the inevitable accusations of sucking all the fun out of the game will commence.
by mepex on
Nov 20, 2008 12:55 PM CST
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Sucking the fun out of the game??
Hardly.
As a big baseball guy as well, it’s just as much “fun” analyzing the game of baseball and looking at it in a different, more advanced light.
I’d have NO issues with these advanced metrics being introduced into hockey.
by Afino on
Nov 20, 2008 1:00 PM CST
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Same, sort of
I don’t have any issues with advanced metrics either (assuming they’re accurate and meaningful), but sabermetricians in baseball are still a distinct minority compared to traditionalists who view things like batting average and won-loss records as being significant measures of players’ abilities. We’d do well to remember that. :)
by JustinM on
Nov 20, 2008 1:02 PM CST
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It’s not the enlightened that will complain but the dinosaurs in the media (sorry James) that will punch out articles about how hockey used to be about using your gut and four stats (g-a-p-+/-) to determine if a player was any good.
Pension Plan Puppets: A Toronto Maple Leafs blog and a group therapy session.
by PPP on
Nov 20, 2008 1:02 PM CST
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Of course
You’re always going to have that. The important thing is finding a balance.
Hockey is a different animal from baseball – the human side of hockey (teamwork, dressing room makeup, line combinations) is a lot more significant than it is in baseball and sometimes can’t be expressed statistically.
by Afino on
Nov 20, 2008 1:06 PM CST
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“If a player’s +/- changes while his linemates stay the same, that says something about his play.”
Is that even possible? I mean, a + or – is assigned to everyone on the ice, irrespective of their relative roles in the event in question. If one person’s +/- changes while his "linemates"’ didn’t, that means he doesn’t have the same linemates anymore (or he’s getting nailed for a series of SHGA).
“Maybe we can just get people to stop basing their player evaluations (like ridiculous Selke votes) on a clearly flawed stat.”
I agree wholeheartedly, but good luck with that. That’d be like teaching a TV analyst to ask a good question between periods. ;)
by Doogie2K on
Nov 21, 2008 10:59 AM CST
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Different Kinds of Players Should Be Measured Differently
Also, the idea that +/- is just of a good measuring stat for Brad Lukowich as Alex Ovechkin is ridiculous. They play different positions with entirely different on-ice goals.
by mepex on
Nov 20, 2008 12:57 PM CST
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Yep
I’m with you. I will admit, however, that there is considerably more difficulty involved in “sabermetrizing” hockey (to invent a term) than there is and was in baseball. Hockey doesn’t move or happen in discrete plays the way baseball does. The play almost never comes down to a matter of one man against another, protagonist versus antagonist without outside influence, the way baseball does every single pitch between pitcher and batter.
It’s almost like trying to come up with an all-encompassing yet still meaningful fielding metric in baseball. It’s extremely difficult, because it’s very difficult to say in a hockey game beyond a shadow of a doubt who caused something to happen. Did Player A score because Player A was skilled, or did he score because Player B screened the goalie? Or is that, in turn, just an example of Player A being skilled enough to take advantage of Player B’s screen?
And so on, and so forth. We can generally figure these things out by watching because our brains are powerful enough to figure those things out pretty quickly most of the time, yet I can’t even begin to fathom how to put something like that into a number for analysis, despite taking several too many university-level math courses in my day.
by JustinM on
Nov 20, 2008 1:00 PM CST
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Even something as simple as what I do with the best defensive defencemen and forwards lists is a whole lot more valuable than plus-minus. A lot of the players I’ve got highlighted up at the top are terrific defensively but post average plus-minus stats.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 1:09 PM CST
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And posts like that...
…is why I read your blog religiously. I remember last year your list giving Sergei Gonchar the credit he deserved for the season he had instead of just assuming he was a problem based on his reputation that he’s a defensive liability.
Kind of like the opposite of the “Derek Jeter is a fantastic fielder” meme in baseball circles.
by JustinM on
Nov 20, 2008 1:26 PM CST
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I mean, when I crunched the numbers and Gonchar came up near the top, I thought I’d missed something, but the fact is he had a terrific season in a lot of ways and should have been a Norris nominee. Anyone who watched all of their games knew that, and I made a point of watching him from about the 30-game mark on because of what the numbers were saying.
That’s what good stats should do.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 1:28 PM CST
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I think that +/- is a good stat, but that it tells something very different from GAA/60
Not that one is better then the other but plus minus is about more then just defense
by Ebscer on
Nov 20, 2008 6:34 PM CST
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Just like hockey, baseball's not discrete
Justin – it turns out that baseball needs to be analyzed as a continuous game. The only thing that really lent itself to discrete analysis was plate appearance outcomes for hitters. No serious analyst really uses the statistics that came out of discrete analysis anymore. The pitchf/x system tracks pitch trajectories so we can analyze batter and pitcher strengths and weaknesses. And teams use a large number of observers to track fielding and positioning.
Hockey’s already past the discrete event phase – look at how many sites track head-to-head icetime? Or track how groups of players do when they play together? Even analyzing shooting or save percentage by distance and location arguably represents continuous dynamic statistical analysis.
by Hawerchuk on
Nov 20, 2008 2:22 PM CST
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Right.
I know I didn’t say so in my post, but plate appearance outcomes for hitters was exactly what I was referring to. You’re correct, of course, in saying that the rest isn’t discrete.
But the rest of your post is precisely the point I was attempting to make, that hockey simply cannot be analyzed as a set of discrete “blocks” in any truly useful way, and that’s what makes meaningful analysis of this sport so very difficult. It looks to me like some of the stats we’ve seen (like QCOMP and GAON/60 in the defensive defensemen post) are indeed useful and accurate, but this is the sort of thing that can take seasons to develop properly, and we’re nowhere near being done. (Neither, of course, is baseball.)
by JustinM on
Nov 20, 2008 2:32 PM CST
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Might be easier than you think
I think we lack more for useful data than for analytical tools. if we had puck possession, player location and pass information, for example, we would have much more insight into who’s a good player and who’s not. This data is easy to collect; probably is being collected; and just isn’t available to the public.
I’ve never been one for “all-encompassing stats” (and I think it’s more than a bit presumptuous for anyone to think that they’ve come up with one) so I’m not troubled by the idea of analyzing hockey skills in different buckets with very specific statistics. Three seasons ago, we had no idea who lined up against who (aside from when goals were scored) and now we have a massive database to mine, which has given us a lot of insight into who gets soft minutes. And as a result, we’ve seen that opponent quality is probably one of the most important parts of the game.
by Hawerchuk on
Nov 20, 2008 2:45 PM CST
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BAH!
You’re throwing the baby out with the bathwater, Mirtle. Outscoring the opponent is the object of hockey; the only problem with the stat is in small samples (even a season or two) it can be so heavily affected by things outside the player’s control. Over the long haul though, a lot of that stuff comes out in the wash: good/bad team, good/bad linemates, hard/soft competition, etc.
Know what you see when you look at career +/- leaders? A lot of awesome hockey players and no lousy ones.
by MattF on
Nov 20, 2008 1:08 PM CST
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How about if you go down into the career minuses? Kirk Muller has a career plus-minus of -146!
Randy Carlyle, -135
Bernie Federko, -132
Wendel Clark, -129
etc., etc.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 1:16 PM CST
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Career +/- numbers will underrate players like Federko and Clark, who played on the PP but not on the PK. +/- includes SH goals for and against, so Federko gets hit by the SH goals against on the PP but doesn’t get the benefit of SH goals for on the PK.
Adjust for this and Federko looks average rather than bad, on mediocre teams. Clark doesn’t look as bad either, and young Sakic and Francis don’t do as badly. Carlyle played for bad teams his whole career – he looks better relative to his teams.
Kirk Muller had terrible +/- numbers any way you slice them, and was probably just not that great.
Don’t expect the career +/- list to be perfect – it takes a little analysis to interpret it. Still, look at the top of the list and it looks pretty good (as long as you remember to take a little air out of Larry Robinson and the other 70s Canadiens numbers). It puts defencemen and forwards on the same scale and compares them with a metric that directly relates to winning – more closely than goals or points scored.
by overlook on
Nov 20, 2008 2:54 PM CST
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Isn’t that kind of what we’re trying to do here, though? Take the air out of people like Larry Robinson who might not deserve the numbers he attained, and put a little air into people like Sakic and Francis, who really don’t deserve the numbers they ended up with?
To have a statistic need more analysis to interpret it tells me that we need a better statistic that already includes the analysis.
by JustinM on
Nov 20, 2008 3:01 PM CST
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so Federko gets hit by the SH goals against on the PP but doesn’t get the benefit of SH goals for on the PK.
What now? You make it sound like SH goals during a PP (so PP goals) are more common than SH goals…
26 Card Jet
by Tommelot on
Nov 20, 2008 3:56 PM CST
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SH goals count in +/-, but not PP goals. That means that playing on the PP can only hurt a player’s +/-, because he gets the SH goals scored against his team counted against him. Similarly, playing on the penalty kill can only help a player’s +/-, because he gets credit for the SH goals his team scores.
This effect probably washes out for players who play on the PP and the PK, but a player like Federko who only played on the PP will have a +/- that is lower than his actual even-strength results.
by overlook on
Nov 20, 2008 6:43 PM CST
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Careful
It’s Wendel Clark Day on Saturday so don’t get on his bad side…
Pension Plan Puppets: A Toronto Maple Leafs blog and a group therapy session.
by PPP on
Nov 20, 2008 3:49 PM CST
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His bad side would be if I said plus-minus was a career-defining statistic.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 4:12 PM CST
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You’re probably safe with Wendel.
Pension Plan Puppets: A Toronto Maple Leafs blog and a group therapy session.
by PPP on
Nov 20, 2008 4:29 PM CST
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Yes, but...
People don’t use the plus/minus stat solely for ranking the best players in history. They use it to compare players defensive ability, within the same season. And for that, not to put too fine a point on it, it sucks.
by mepex on
Nov 20, 2008 1:17 PM CST
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Hm.
Ilya Kovalchuk may be a bit of a jerk, but one he’s not is a bad hockey player. He is, however, -75 over 6 seasons (plus what’s passed of this season). He was just the first to pop into mind, but I’m sure he’s not the only one, as Mr. Mirtle has pointed out already.
by JustinM on
Nov 20, 2008 1:22 PM CST
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Joe Sakic
Terrific Defensively . Top 15 in goals scored. 12th in career points/game
+/- of +30.
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 1:27 PM CST
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Ron Francis is -10 for his career.
!
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 1:30 PM CST
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What's the opposite of compelling?
These examples don’t exactly move me. Sakic’s number is the most unfortunate, having played on an epic-ly awful team for the first few years of his career, while he himself was learning to play two ways. Knock off that -102 for his first 3 seasons, and he has very good career numbers.
Carlyle, Federko, Clark — not exactly Robinson, Orr, Gretzky like the top end. Here’s an idea: maybe Kirk Muller wasn’t all that great for most of his career. Maybe Wendel Clark was a Bertuzzi-esque one-way forward. Maybe Ron Francis’ defensive chops were a bit oversold by the hockey establishment. etc.
by MattF on
Nov 20, 2008 2:21 PM CST
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Or maybe plus-minus isn’t all that great an indicator of their defensive ability?
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 3:06 PM CST
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Plus-minus isn’t an indicator of defensive ability. It’s an indicator of two-way ability at even strength (plus the shorthanded goals, which as far as I’m concerned should be removed).
If it’s used as an indicator for defensive ability only, that’s only because there’s nothing better. It’s a misunderstanding of what the stat is.
I guess that leads to your point that there should be better stats for defensive ability alone, but I don’t think you need to throw out plus-minus to do that.
by overlook on
Nov 20, 2008 3:13 PM CST
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No, but it’s a good stat.
26 Card Jet
by Tommelot on
Nov 20, 2008 3:57 PM CST
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Maybe Wendel Clark was a Bertuzzi-esque one-way forward.
And maybe Wendel will punch out all of your blood for comparing him to Bertuzzi. Clark played on the Leafs in the 80s. That explains that number.
Pension Plan Puppets: A Toronto Maple Leafs blog and a group therapy session.
by PPP on
Nov 20, 2008 3:50 PM CST
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Maybe Wendel Clark was a Bertuzzi-esque one-way forward
You mean he would sucker punch people from the back?
/troll
26 Card Jet
by Tommelot on
Nov 20, 2008 3:58 PM CST
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That's the point
The stat is so dependent on factors outside a players control that it’s a terrible indicator. Yes some great players have great +/- numbers…. but some great players have average or even poor ones.
Which is the point – that you can’t tell a thing from a player based on his +/- other than he played on a great team his entire career, or he played on a terrible one, or that the teams he played on his career averaged to some good and some bad. That’s why it’s a bad statistic.
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 5:34 PM CST
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So you throw the stat out because it takes a little analysis? Maybe we should throw out points scored also, look how many points Rob Brown scored playing on a line with Mario.
Look at the +/- of Sakic and Forsberg during the time when they where both on Colorado. From 1995 to 2004, Sakic has a +/- of +108 and Forsberg has a +/- of +207. Doesn’t that tell you anything about who the better player was? It does to me. If it tells you something, it must be doing something right.
by overlook on
Nov 20, 2008 6:50 PM CST
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Nope
Sakic got the tougher defensive assignments… all the big face-offs at the end of games, and usually against the opponents toughest lines. The Avs tried to use Forsberg on the second line and try and create their favorable matchups that way. MEaning Sakic usually faced the top defensive pair and Forsberg faced the second. Except, as you just showed, there’s no way to know that from the +/- stat. The +/- of Sakic and Forsberg over that time tells me nothing about either player.
I throw out the stat because it is absolutely useless. In the court of hockey it is circumstantial evidence at best.
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 11:20 PM CST
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Also
You just kind of proved my point.Forsberg scored 1.30PPG over that time, Sakic 1.20. Yet Forsberg has nearly double the +/-. But here’s the reason:
Since Sakic was better at defense the Avs put him out in tougher defensive situations which resulted in more goals scored against the Avs while Sakic was on the ice, but Forsberg on the bench. (Plus Sakic was better at face-offs so he took nearly every big defensive face-off over that time).
Also with Sakic being the “first” line center much of the time and Forsberg was the “second” line center much of the time Sakic went against the tougher defensive pairings, meaning Forsberg scored many of his goals against worse defenders than Sakic was facing.
Even in the case where you hand-picked the +/- stat, it was completely utterly misleading, while not telling us a thing about either player’s actual play over that time. In fact looking at the +/- stat it suggests that Forsberg was either double the offensive player Sakic was (obviously not true) or a far superior defensive player (again not even remotely true).
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 11:39 PM CST
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But that's the point
+/- is already something that aggregates events while a player’s on the ice; it’s supposed to be the greater analysis that tells us more about the player, tells us more than goals and points alone can. It fails miserably at it, because it needs just as much (and maybe more!) analysis than the most raw statistics available. Therefore, something more, something better, is needed.
by Doogie2K on
Nov 21, 2008 11:11 AM CST
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I don’t think you can use the plus/minus stat in isolation and that’s the biggest issue with it. Other, more complex stats are better, for sure, but if you know something about a team then the plus/minus isn’t that bad.
For example, look at this line: 18-12-+17
Can you tell anything about it just from those numbers? I’d say yes. 17 games into the season that looks like a pretty dominant line. It happens to be the Ovechkin-Backstrom-Semin line from the caps and if you watched them play you’ll see that they control the puck very well and typically dictate play in their opponents zone. I think that is reflected by the stats. (that line has only played together for a couple of games though)
But you can’t just look at Backstrom’s +12 and know if he’s been any good in his own end. For that you need to look at the other stats.
So in isolation the stat isn’t great. Paired with some more information though it can shed some light, if even only a little, on the players performance.
by malyk on
Nov 20, 2008 1:34 PM CST
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What I’d really like to see is some of those other stats come into play more often. I called plus-minus a crutch because it’s often used like it’s the be all and end all of measuring players’ performance. Way too often.
If I stop using it altogether, I bet I don’t lose much analytical ability. We’ll find out.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 1:38 PM CST
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I definitely think you should do that. Goals on ice for/60 and quality of competition and the like are very useful.
The issue I have with those numbers is I don’t know what the baseline is. Is 2.2 GOIF/60 good? What about 2.2 GOI Against/60? Is a 0.14 QoC good? Or bad?
+/- is good (or at least easy) because we know 0 is “even” anything higher and you were on the ice for more for and anything less you were on the ice for more against.
by malyk on
Nov 20, 2008 1:43 PM CST
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True
But we had to do that with baseball stats, too. What’s a good batting average? Any baseball fan can tell you that .300 is a sort of benchmark there, but that’s only because it’s been that way for 100 years. But what’s a good OPS?
The only correct answers to your specific questions is that it depends what season it is. Is scoring up or down that season, and by how much? Is it a forward or defenseman? Better yet, is it a forward who spends more time grinding in corners than putting pucks on net, or is it a flashy winger like Ovie?
by JustinM on
Nov 20, 2008 2:12 PM CST
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I agree. But it would be nice if we could find a way to normalize the stats on a year to year basis and start to come to a consensus somehow. I mean, if I look back at the Quality of Competition stat for 2002 then do I need to also go and calculate the number of goals scored per game, etc to understand it?
I pointed it out more as something we need to work on because it’s not obvious what it means. Sure, I can see that Lidstrom plays against QoC of 0.18 and Erskine against -0.04…but what is the average QoC? Is it 0? Is it .1? I know Erskine plays as the #5 d on the caps and doesn’t play against top lines, but what about a guy like Mark Staal at 0.08? Is that good? it looks to be near the median in the top 30 defenders list.
And what if Lidstroms QoC is .2 this year but only .11 last year? Hard to compare when there isn’t a baseline.
by malyk on
Nov 20, 2008 2:22 PM CST
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Well...
The sport’s been in the statistical dark ages for its entire existence. We’re starting to realize that now, but that doesn’t change where we came from, and worse, it doesn’t change the old information available to us. Looking at hockey databases, you don’t even get plus-minus for two-thirds of Gordie Howe’s career. In a lot of ways, we don’t even know for sure what’s good historically because of that kind of thing…but you have to start somewhere.
by JustinM on
Nov 20, 2008 2:58 PM CST
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Clarification
Not being able to edit comments is a little odd.
That should be 18-12-+17 if anyone didn’t catch that.
by malyk on
Nov 20, 2008 1:41 PM CST
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I bet Mirtle dismantled the “plus” feature of comments in order to strong-arm us all into compliance.
OK, Mirtle, I concede! No more plus-minus!
http://battleofcalifornia.blogspot.com/
by Earl Sleek on
Nov 20, 2008 1:52 PM CST
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MUHAHAHAHAHAH
±
I believe in Peter Budaj
by Jibblescribbits on
Nov 20, 2008 1:56 PM CST
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Well ...
If you remove plus/minus, how will anyone be able to defend the fact that Marek Malik has a job in the NHL???
I have a blog too! www.scottyhockey.com
Let's Go Rangers!
by Scotty Hockey on
Nov 20, 2008 4:14 PM CST
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While I do love the concept of a Rod Langway award and searching for a way to quantify it, that ranking says that Malik is a better defensive defenseman than Nick Lidstrom.
I have a blog too! www.scottyhockey.com
Let's Go Rangers!
by Scotty Hockey on
Nov 20, 2008 4:20 PM CST
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He’s played 10 games and hasn’t hardly been scored on. You don’t win the Vezina based on two weeks of work.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 4:37 PM CST
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You don’t, but you also aren’t a good hockey player when you take bad penalties the other team scores on your first four minor penalties this season, three of which were game-winning goals …
I have a blog too! www.scottyhockey.com
Let's Go Rangers!
by Scotty Hockey on
Nov 20, 2008 4:41 PM CST
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Behind the Net might be flawed, too.
James. As I see it, the quality of competition numbers at Behind the Net are fascinating, but as flawed as the plus/minus numbers they are based on.
You see, Desjardins’ came up with a brilliant concept with his measurement of quality of competition and quality of teammates. But he can only use the best stat available to measure such things, and right now that is traditional plus/minus.
As I’ve argued, this stat routinely awards plus marks to players who have done nothing positive except stand on the ice when a goal is scored. And it routinely assigns a minus to players who have done nothing wrong save stand on the ice when a goal is scored against.
So if traditional plus/minus is flawed, then so far as I understand Desjardins’ qualcomp and qualteam, they must be flawed as well.
No fault to Desjardins here, I want to stress that.
His concept is brilliant. But until it’s based on a better plus/minus number, it will be problematic.
by David Staples @ The Cult of Hockey on
Nov 20, 2008 4:27 PM CST
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sort of true, but I think your comment is misleading. Traditional plus-minus is a number, like plus-seventeen. Isn’t Desjardins using a per-60-minute rate?
It’s all going to be flawed with data collection as it is, but I don’t mind Desjardins moving in the right direction. I find his numbers to be generally useful (you can identify players based on roles, which I think helps a ton).
http://battleofcalifornia.blogspot.com/
by Earl Sleek on
Nov 20, 2008 4:35 PM CST
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Oh, even better — now that I bothered to read the explanation, Dale’s even normalizing each player’s GF and GA rates against the team (the off-ice rates). So while it does involve GF and GA like plus-minus, I think it’s pretty far removed from what I’d call “traditional”.
http://battleofcalifornia.blogspot.com/
by Earl Sleek on
Nov 20, 2008 4:39 PM CST
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and by “Dale” I mean “Gabe”. The Hawerchuk screenname got me confused.
http://battleofcalifornia.blogspot.com/
by Earl Sleek on
Nov 20, 2008 4:41 PM CST
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I think you’re missing what Desjardins’ quality of competition is based on entirely. It’s opponents’ goals for when on the ice, goals against when on the ice, goals for when off the ice and goals against when off the ice.
That’s significantly different than simply measuring goals for and against for a particular player and keeping in shorthanded goals, 4-on-4, etc. It’s measuring the figure for every single player on both teams and adjusting for how their numbers are different from teammates/opponents.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 4:42 PM CST
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hi David – please email me at info@behindthenet.ca with your questions about qualcomp. I’d be happy to answer them.
by Hawerchuk on
Nov 20, 2008 8:24 PM CST
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Gabe, what sort of a response can you give to this critique here?
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 8:26 PM CST
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Let me summarize Johnson’s points:
1. The value of 5-on-5 +/- relative to team (aka "rating") is only slightly more than regular +/- because
2. Kris Draper’s “rating” isn’t very high, but it should be higher because
3. Kris Draper is known to be a good penalty killer
As I posted elsewhere on this thread, I’m not one for “all-encompassing” stats. +/- relative to team is what it is – a measure of +/- relative to a player’s teammates. But when you’re trying to use it to explain an individual player’s performance you can’t really take it in isolation. For example, Draper also had the lowest “quality of teammates” in the NHL, so it’s not that surprising that he has a low +/- relative to his teammates.
Here’s Draper’s relative +/- and his QualTeam for the last two seasons:
2006-07: -1.13/-0.28
2007-08: -1.58/-0.53
I think his usage is obvious: he does not play with the top offensive players (two-way players in Detroit’s case) on his team at even-strength. He’s not shielded from the toughest opposition, so his offensive output is probably pretty poor. And he can simultaneously have tremendous defensive performance on the PK and a lack of offensive productive at evens.
And of course there are obviously much better ways to analyze players. I’d encourage Johnson to give us more detail about his system. We would all benefit from knowing how to properly separate the performance of individual players from their linemates and opponents.
by Hawerchuk on
Nov 21, 2008 12:13 AM CST
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If I’m an opponent, the line I’ve got going against Kris Draper is probably least likely to be outscored — for sure the Datsyuks and Hossas are probably what’s going to kill me.
And if I’m a teammate, if I’m put on a line with Draper I probably won’t outscore very well — not like I would if I played with Zetterberg or Franzen.
In that sense it’s a good measure, I think. I’m not sure it captures very well the defensive abilities of a player — Sammy Pahlsson gets outscored usually, so he might seem “soft” in this scale. But it’s great for context — it does offer a glimpse of who is playing those hardest minutes against the opponent’s best outscorers with linemates who typically get outscored. In a large sense — those Pahlsson-type players are some of the best defensive players around. Their coaches are trusting them like crazy.
So I’d suggest ignoring how good defensively a player is when looking at the raw numbers—the point isn’t how well Draper backchecks. The point is that he’s not Datsyuk. I dunno, my take, anyways.
http://battleofcalifornia.blogspot.com/
by Earl Sleek on
Nov 21, 2008 1:10 AM CST
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Earl, yes, Behind the Net is a huge, huge, huge step in the right direction, a conceptual leap.
But I’m not sure that it matters if it’s finding are stated as a seasonal rate, as plus/minus is, or on a per 60 minute ES rate. That’s just how he states his findings, but I’m still concerned they’re based on traditional plus/minus. It’s an issue for me, at least, though I know many, many others swear by his qualcomp numbers.
I swear by his qualcomp concept, but the numbers, well, not so much . . .
James, you may well be right that I’m not comprehending what Desjardins’ does with qualcomp. . . I’ve read his F.A.Q. on it, but still could be getting it wrong .. . . I’ll certainly take another look . . ..
by David Staples @ The Cult of Hockey on
Nov 20, 2008 4:44 PM CST
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He’s using an altered form of “traditional plus/minus” as a part of the equation, but one that’s weighted by considering what happens when players aren’t on the ice as well. It’s pretty nifty.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 4:49 PM CST
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It is really just +/- divided by ice time then.
The only real difference is shorthanded goals are thrown out
by Ebscer on
Nov 20, 2008 6:41 PM CST
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No, because it also factors in the +/- when he’s not on the ice, which helps normalize things.
by Doogie2K on
Nov 21, 2008 11:17 AM CST
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But I’m not sure that it matters if it’s finding are stated as a seasonal rate, as plus/minus is, or on a per 60 minute ES rate.
It matters to me. If two guys were plus-thirty and minus-twenty over fifty games, but one played twice the ice time of the other, I wouldn’t want them considered identical for these purposes.
I swear by his qualcomp concept, but the numbers, well, not so much . . .
I think that’s where a lot of people sit. I don’t pretend that it’s a flawless ranking, but it separates the wheat from the chaff.
http://battleofcalifornia.blogspot.com/
by Earl Sleek on
Nov 20, 2008 4:50 PM CST
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head scratcher
So a simple yet flawed stat like Plus/Minus is bad, but a convoluted abortion of a stat like Desjardin’s adjusted Plus/Minus, which uses as its data set the highly lamented Plus/Minus, is good?
You guys should work on Wall Street.
I’m with MattF. One season of plus-minus probably doesn’t tell us much. But a career worth of plus-minus is indicative:
Clark: That lifetime plus-minus pretty much sums up his “all sizzle, no steak” career.
Francis: Over-rated stats accumulater exposed by Plus-Minus.
Clark: Passenger on a Bullit Train who should have to buy a ticket to get into the Hockey Hall of Farce.
Federko: I got nothing.
Stats have to appeal to the casual fan, not just the math geeks. Plus-minus tells an albeit incomplete story. As do Goals, Assists, PMs. Ratios and rates are for the slide-rule crowd.
by Dr Van Nostrum on
Nov 20, 2008 6:42 PM CST
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Stats have to appeal to the casual fan, not just the math geeks.
Baloney. Stats don’t have to appeal to anyone, I don’t think. If it’s not your cup of tea, don’t drink it. But I don’t think the key to determining a statistic’s usefulness is its popularity.
http://battleofcalifornia.blogspot.com/
by Earl Sleek on
Nov 20, 2008 8:02 PM CST
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Rates are so basic and simple. That’s the thing — all they do is count the number of goals for and against and divide by ice time.
You need a slide rule for that? Honestly?
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 8:05 PM CST
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Fail
a stat like Desjardin’s adjusted Plus/Minus, which uses as its data set the highly lamented Plus/Minus, is good?
If you don’t understand what a stat is, try not to describe it as an “abortion”.
Francis: Over-rated stats accumulater exposed by Plus-Minus.
This is getting ridiculous. People who have clearly never seen Francis play would rather base their opinion on an easily-discredited stat than on the opinions of people who actually watched, played with, or coached him.
Let’s look at some other Selke winners’ career +/-:
Dirk Graham: -2
Rick Meagher: -45
Steve Kasper: -56
And maybe tell Brian Sutter (-63) and Ron Wilson (-42) that they were lousy defensive players too. Don’t forget Sammy Pahlsson: -35 = totally overrated defensive player.
Geez, I could go on…
I've been looking at the sky
by Back In Black on
Nov 21, 2008 9:36 AM CST
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Clark: That lifetime plus-minus pretty much sums up his "all sizzle, no steak" career.
Wow, you have no clue what you’re talking about.
Pension Plan Puppets: A Toronto Maple Leafs blog and a group therapy session.
by PPP on
Nov 21, 2008 1:33 PM CST
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I actually like plus minus
I’m apparently in the minority here, but I think that overall plus/minus is a very useful statistic. More so then goals scored even.
The problem is that too many people view +/- as a defensive statistic where it absoultly is not. This is rather a statistic that shows the overall value of a player on both the defense and offensive side of the situation.
It tells if you are hurting or helping your team by being on the ice, and who should be on the bench instead. Other stats like goals and assists, only look at how good players are on the offensive side of things, where plus/minus shows who all the good two way players are.
That is important as well. It is an indication of quality two way play, not an indication of defensive play.
by Ebscer on
Nov 20, 2008 6:48 PM CST
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As I've already brought up and I know you're aware of...
“This is rather a statistic that shows the overall value of a player on both the defense and offensive side of the situation.”
It still doesn’t adjust for QUALITY of competition, which is just as big of a problem.
Take Vanek’s +46 in 06-07. He did it against third and fourth line competition. When matched up against tougher opponents in 07-08 sans Briere/Drury, he had a HORRIBLE first half.
by Afino on
Nov 20, 2008 7:38 PM CST
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To quantify:
Vanek’s QOC rating 06-07: -0.009
Vanek’s QOC rating 07-08: 0
And on the scale of the QOC ratings, that’s not an insignificant difference. In 07-08, among all players with at least 40 games played, the QOC ranged from 0.18 to -0.22 – a 0.4 TOTAL RANGE.
by Afino on
Nov 20, 2008 7:42 PM CST
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Thats not Vanek’s fault. Perhaps other teams should then put out better quality line against him.
Quality of competetion does not matter. This is not the BCS. All that matter is wins, and all that counts for wins is goals. Vanek’s team outscored his opponents teams by 46 points in 06-07 and that made him the best two-way player in the league that year.
If the other teams don’t want to match talented lines against yours, take the advantage and run with it. It’s not if it was a secret that the Vanek-Roy-Afinogenov line was scoring all the goals for the team that season.
Vanek played poorly last year, but that was his own fault.
Not a single other statistic takes quality of competetion into effect but nobody ever complains about them. I fundementally think that the problem is that +/- is misunderstood as a “defensive” stat.
by Ebscer on
Nov 20, 2008 9:49 PM CST
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You’re right: That’s a huge part of the problem. I’m not sure how you go about changing that.
I also really do believe there are better numbers out there to indicate performance of the type you’re talking about though, so I’m going to try and switch over to those.
by James Mirtle on
Nov 20, 2008 10:17 PM CST
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It's a fair point.
Certainly, if you’re a coach, you take advantage of the good match-up for as long as you can by running Vanek out there. The larger problem, however, is that when you compare Player A to Player B, you’re comparing apples to oranges. The whole point of the post, as I see it, is that +/- is assumed to tell us things it does not; even if you treat it as a two-way stat instead of a defensive stat, it does not tell you who’s better, but who did better against the guys they were matched with. I mean, if you put Vanek against the scrubs, he’d damned well better clean up; if you put Drury against the best, then you’d be happy to have him come out to even. It ignores context, and that’s problematic, given that its purpose is (I thought) to provide said context.
by Doogie2K on
Nov 21, 2008 11:23 AM CST
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I had a scathing response to this...
but was assaulted by Mirtle’s commandment to keep it civil. So: batting average is a rate too, you know.
by mc79hockey on
Nov 20, 2008 7:57 PM CST
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Not agreeing with/disagreeing with anyone here- I’ve only just recently taken a look into the quantitative versus qualitative aspects of hockey. I’m what the kids call a “noob”.
If one of the big hang ups on +/- is the quality of competition, wouldn’t it be applicable to use that in comparing a certain player vs. a certain team? Obviously this only extends to one season (due to roster changes etc.), but at least it is able to address the quality of competition and offer some insight into that players ability going into a playoff series/upcoming game.
Fear The Fin: Where the second round is overrated.
by Mr. Plank on
Nov 21, 2008 2:11 AM CST
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Context issue
Plenty of you have made arguments about “context” being in important to properly understand plus/minus. I want to address this. In my article, I made criticisms of plus/minus based on it’s problems of context, but my real complaint about the stat is of another variety.
With respect, all the context in the world doesn’t make plus/minus a useful stat.
It will always be problematic for the simple reason that it awards a plus to every player on the ice when a goal is scored, even if that player played no part in the goal being scored. He might have just stepped on the ice. He might never have touched the puck. He might even have made a mistake, but some other fellow made a great play and the goal was scored.
This isn’t a minor problem with the stat. I estimate that about 40 per cent of the time a player is assigned a plus but has had no hand in the goal being scored. At the same time, about 40 per cent of the time, a player is assigned a minus and yet he’s made no mistake, or he’s had no impact on the play, or he’s actually played extremely well but some other mistake by another play led to the goal being scored.
This is my major issue with plus/minus, and it’s the main reason the stat has little use, whatever context you want to put in in.
Plain and simple, it’s a team stat, not an individual stat.
Some weight can be attached to the statement, “The Red Wings were +40 at even strength over the season.” We know, for sure, that the Red Wings were strong at even strength by this measure.
But when someone says, “Vanek is a strong two-way player because he was +40,” almost no weight should be attached to that statement. We have no idea how much Vanek had to do with the goals being scored (save for the ones he scored himself or got an assist), and we have no idea whatsoever what role he played in the goals scored against when he was on the ice.
It’s a complete mystery, which plus/minus obscures by giving him credit and blame in a mechanical and error-prone fashion.
by David Staples @ The Cult of Hockey on
Nov 22, 2008 4:11 PM CST
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