A brief history of relocation fees
It didn't take long for some numbers to start surfacing out from under the cracks of the NHL board of governors' cone of silence. And — surprise, surprise — there are some enormous ones involved.
Here's The Globe and Mail's David Shoalts on some of the figures being talked about:
One Eastern Conference owner said if the Phoenix Coyotes are sold at auction and the winning bidder moved them to Hamilton, he should pay as much as $512.5-million. That takes into account the only offer for the team so far, the $212.5-million bid from Research In Motion co-chief executive officer Jim Balsillie, which kicked off the court fight between Coyotes owner Jerry Moyes and the NHL.
The owner said the $212.5-million offered by Balsillie would go to the team’s creditors. Then he should pay $250-million to $300-million on top of that as a relocation fee and to reflect the value of a franchise in Hamilton.
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I admittedly don't follow other professional sports nearly as close as the NHL, and as a result, "relocation fee" is a bit of new vocabulary for me. There was apparently one involved when the Colorado Rockies franchise landed in New Jersey as the Devils back in 1982, although I'm unsure if that fee was merely used to compensate the New York franchises.
Thankfully, there are experts available for this sort of thing, and Vanderbilt economics profession John Vrooman is one of the best when it comes to sports economics. Digging through some of his papers on various topics, I found a list of recent franchise relocations and associated fees in one called "Theory of the Perfect Game":
| Year | League | Franchise | Fee (millions) |
| 1993 | NHL | Minnesota North Stars to Dallas Stars | none |
| 1995 | NFL | Los Angeles Raiders to Oakland | none |
| 1995 | NFL | Los Angeles Rams to St. Louis | $29 |
| 1995 | NHL | Quebec Nordiques to Colorado Avalanche | none |
| 1996 | NFL | Cleveland Browns to Baltimore Ravens | $29 |
| 1996 | NFL | Houston Oilers to Nashville | $29 |
| 1996 | NHL | Winnipeg Jets to Phoenix Coyotes | none |
| 1997 | NHL | Hartford Whalers to Carolina Hurricanes | none |
| 2001 | NBA | Vancouver Grizzlies to Memphis | $30 |
| 2002 | NBA | Charlotte Hornets to New Orleans | $30 |
| 2005 | MLB | Montreal Expos to Washington Nationals | $450 |
In the NHL, none of the four most recent relocations came with a fee attached. The Raiders to Oakland case also didn't have a fee due to the fact it went through the courts (and it's my understanding they had to payout some cash during that process), while the other NFL and NBA moves have included fees of about $30-million.
The one major anomaly here is the Expos move to Washington, which involved Major League Baseball buying the troubled Montreal franchise and then selling it for the $450-million figure later on (making it more of a purchase plus relocation fee all rolled into one). Additionally, the Nats have to compensate the nearby Orioles with television revenues.
(Of note is the distance between the Washington and Baltimore ballparks — about 45 miles — and the fact that that's almost identical to the distance between Copps Coliseum and the Air Canada Centre. Obviously we're comparing apples and oranges with the two different sports leagues, but there's a precedent for a team relocating into another's territory, paying a massive fee and offering other concessions.)
Outside of the Nationals case, however, relocation fees have either been nonexistent or relatively easy to stomach. I wonder if an unprecedented $300-million fee in addition to the Coyotes purchase price will fall into the category of "unreasonable" or if that's what it will take to move a team into Southern Ontario.
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James, I could not find that table on a quick flip-through.
As well, notwithstanding Prof. Vrooman’s list, the NHL has submitted declarations under penalty of perjury to the effect that form his list Carolina and Colorado paid relocation fees, as well as NJ (which latter transaction Prof. Vrooman evidently is not aware exists).
With due respect to Prof. Vrooman, his list is apparently not that reliable.
by Gerald on Jun 11, 2009 6:48 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
Declaration under penalty of perjury or no, the League has proven itself wholly unworthy of our trust in this matter.
by dzuunmod on Jun 11, 2009 11:59 AM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Gerald, this is a list of recent relocation fees as stated. The Rockies moving in 1982 does not qualify, hence it is not there.
If you have information on the ‘Canes and Avs fees, it’d be great to have here. I have a feeling they were minimal.
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by James Mirtle on Jun 11, 2009 12:35 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
I think that Gerald’s non-stop faith in the veracity of the NHL is kind of touching in this cynical age.
by J. Michael Neal on Jun 11, 2009 1:00 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Fair point on Colo/NJ.
The Bettman declaration did not specify the relocation fees for the Canes or Avs. Point is that they were not “zero”, as Vrooman suggests (that is quite the academic paper, BTW – it reads more like an internet rant, with a great deal of intemperate language IMO)).
by Gerald on Jun 11, 2009 1:12 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
One missing on that list is the Seattle Seahawks → Oklahoma City Thunder. $30M relocation fee to the league & $45M payment to Seattle as a settlement.
by :hsughrofl: on Jun 11, 2009 7:26 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
Err, I’m a football fan. I meant SuperSonics, not Seahawks :P
Thanks for catching that, Kurri17.
by :hsughrofl: on Jun 11, 2009 9:18 AM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
“The owner said the $212.5-million offered by Balsillie would go to the team’s creditors. Then he should pay $250-million to $300-million on top of that as a relocation fee and to reflect the value of a franchise in Hamilton.”
That’s not how bankruptcy works and that’s not how relocation works, and this judge will destroy that argument., especially given his apparent knowledge of prior moves.
The going rate for a relo is $45 million – hsughrofl is correct on the SuperSonics relo fee. I’d expect indemnity to run about $50 million total, based on some back-of-the-envelope calcs on attendance for Buffalo and Toronto.
by Derek Zona on Jun 11, 2009 8:24 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
Actually, other than the specific amounts, the judge has in his courtroom remarks confirmed that is indeed exactly how bankruptcy works.
There is no “going rate” on a relocation. The judege seems to feel that the caselaw pretty clearly confirms that it is a calculation based on:
[price of expansion fee in new market] – [price of expansion fee in market that is being vacated and freed up]
Contrary to what people think, the law is actually common sense for the most part.
by Gerald on Jun 11, 2009 8:59 AM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Except that...
Does part of Balsille’s bid already account for a relo fee?
Or have I had that confused in my head for a week?
by Derek Zona on Jun 11, 2009 9:20 AM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
You must have had that confused. His asset purchse agreement expressly provides to the contrary.
by Gerald on Jun 11, 2009 10:12 AM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Loving this judge!
1) Loving how this guy is cutting through all the Bull spit the various folks are throwing out there. Get right to the point and don’t spin the facts. That can’t bode well for Mr. Bettman who thrives on double speak.
2) We wonder if the judge can set for the NHL what an appropriate relocation fee can be? Would appear to a non lawyer to be beyond what a bankruptcy judge proceedings can determine?
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by Fauxrumors on Jun 11, 2009 8:45 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
This is pretty much how bankruptcy court works (as I predicted in a post long ago). Judges there are practical, compromise-seeking. Note that both sides could have saved a small fortune (and 100s of trees, given the copious filings) by hiring lawyers familiar with that turf. If and when this gets before the great intellects on the Appeals Court, the abstract issues will come into play and those copious filings may come in handy.
by Big Picture Guy on Jun 11, 2009 9:19 AM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Correct me if I’m wrong, but hasn’t there been a “territorial rights” stipulation involving any team that would land in the GTA and that they’d have to pay the Leafs and Sabres some hush money to be able to play in their neighborhood? Is that in addition to the relocation fee?
One thing being overlooked in that list above is that none of the relocations were into a market already being served by the sport (which would be the case with a Hamilton relocation). I take that back, the Montreal to DC was exactly this scenario and there was a hefty fee attached because of Baltimore’s toes being stepped on. Even the most recent case (Seattle to OKC) involved a ‘new market’ from the NBA’s standpoint, not an existing market that may or may not be able to support a second franchise.
I don’t see how an argument can exist that the going rate is $30-45 million when you take that into account.
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by Mike @ MHH on Jun 11, 2009 9:25 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
yes: they are calling it an “indemnity fee”.
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by poploser on Jun 11, 2009 9:29 AM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Too bad Colorado Rockies → New Jersey Devils aren’t on the list. Or, for that matter, San Diego Clippers → Los Angeles Clippers. Those would be good parallels.
by dzuunmod on Jun 11, 2009 12:03 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Okay, but I’m not making that argument. I also raise the additional concessions the Nationals had to give the Orioles.
I don’t actually think the relocation fee is going to be $30-million. But that’s what we’ve seen previously.
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by James Mirtle on Jun 11, 2009 12:41 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
actually, because of the absolutely awful viewership for the Nationals, the Orioles are essentially paying the Nationals for the right to broadcast Nationals games. Its very strange. Thomas Boswell at the Wash Post can talk you through the strange, twisty relationship that is the Orioles and Nationals.
The whole situation with the Expos/Nationals was just plain weird to begin with. Its unlike anything else I’ve ever seen.
by RedBirdie on Jun 11, 2009 1:01 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Also, you touch on this in the original post, but the Nationals situation is a terrible precedent. Not only was the $450 million both purchase price, but there are other complications. The fact that the owner of the Nationals for the first year of their existence (the sale to Ted Lerner wasn’t completed until 2006) means that the location had already happened by the time the final sales price was agreed upon.
The $450 million figure is of no comparative value in this situation. As for the concessions to the Orioles, there isn’t a lot of evidence to support the claim that they were actually harmed by the reappearance of baseball in Washington.
by J. Michael Neal on Jun 11, 2009 1:30 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
I meant to add that, given what MLB teams have been selling for, the implied relocation fee paid by Ted Lerner is close to zero.
by J. Michael Neal on Jun 11, 2009 1:31 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Right, I meant to include that. That “fee” is essentially what an entire franchise would likely cost.
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by James Mirtle on Jun 11, 2009 6:58 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
I couldn’t agree more.
Part of the Reason the O’s have been fine is because the Nats are awful, but even if the Nats somehow became contenders, the O’s would be alright so long as they had a successful product too. At the end of the day, sports fans in a given radius want to see a winner. If the O’s lose market share to a successful Nats club, there will only be the O’s on-field performance to blame.
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 1:34 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
It is believed Balsillie would have to pay a $50M relocation fee, a $50M compensation fee to the Leafs and a $30M compensation fee to the Sabres in addition to his $212.5M bid.
He will likely win this case, but at a hefty price!! $342.5M!
by Fred Poulin on Jun 11, 2009 9:45 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
Believed by who?
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by James Mirtle on Jun 11, 2009 12:41 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
My common sense if fairly accurate most of the time :)
by Fred Poulin on Jun 11, 2009 7:03 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
The 1982 relocation of the Colorado Rockies to New Jersey required a territorial indemnification payable to the Rangers and television territory indemnification to the Islanders and Flyers, totaling $35m. While not technically labeled a relocation fee, it certainly was a cost associated with the move to that particular market.
http://msn.foxsports.com/nhl/story/9665158/Judge-wants-relocation-fee-out-in-open-
http://mirtle.blogspot.com/2007/05/look-at-nhl-territory-rights.html
http://puckreport.blogspot.com/2009/05/nhl-relocation.html
Interestingly, fees associated with expansion have never exceeded $80m (including territorial indemnities) though none have infringed upon hockey’s most valuable franchise, the $448m Toronto Maple Leafs.
http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/31/nhl08_Toronto-Maple-Leafs_312012.html
http://puckreport.blogspot.com/2009/05/nhl-expansion.html
MG
by puckreport on Jun 11, 2009 9:54 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
Revenues?
How long would it take to work that off, from a revenues perspective? I mean, it’s obviously not going to be clear-cut, but how many hundreds of millions of dollars do the Maple Leafs bring in in profits? Would that $500 million be forgotten in a matter of 3 years, or would Balsillie be in the hole for decades? (I’m guessing the former.)
by NebCanuck on Jun 11, 2009 10:21 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
It would take quite a while… the team could turn a profit of something like $20-million a season, maybe, but in Hamilton it wouldn’t make nearly what the Leafs do.
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by James Mirtle on Jun 11, 2009 12:43 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
http://www.buffalonews.com/258/story/699967.html
Now there’s some Hamilton political crackpot calling for a Southern Ontario boycott of the Sabres, just because they have remained silent during this whole ordeal so far.
Does he honestly think he’s going to accomplish this?
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by Afino on Jun 11, 2009 10:25 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
Lost in this whole mess are the AHL’s Hamilton Bulldogs. Apparently if a NHL team were to move into Copps, their lease expires immediately. I don’t know if they could find a new building to play in next year at this point.
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by saskhab on Jun 11, 2009 10:45 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
I don’t know why something couldn’t be worked out. The Flames and the Hitmen (major junior) co-exist in the Saddledome.
by hockeycountry on Jun 11, 2009 11:08 AM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Looks like they’re on the case! A new home has been found! lol
http://hamiltonbulldogs.com/article/hamilton-bulldogs-to-open-pre-season-in-scotland
I do assume that an arrangement would be made to keep the Bulldogs in Hamilton for one more year. And the owner of the Bulldogs apparently said he’d be interested in looking at St. John’s as a market again. I definitely hope the team isn’t shut down for next year.
Technically, the Bulldogs’ lease does expire if a NHL team is brought in, though. So they’ve got to be working on some kind of alternative scenarios right now… which could GREATLY effect both the AHL and NHL’s scheduling for next season.
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by saskhab on Jun 11, 2009 11:18 AM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Could they move to Quebec City maybe? A lot of teams are moving their affiliates close to the parent club.
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by James Mirtle on Jun 11, 2009 12:45 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Didn’t work the last time (Citadelles in early 2000s), and now the Remparts are the big show in Quebec. Quebec City fans still aren’t too keen on cheering the Canadiens’ B squad. :)
The Canadiens don’t own the Bulldogs, anyways. The owner will do what’s best for him personally, and not necessarily what’s best for Montreal. It’d probably be a good idea for the Habs to independently operate their own AHL franchise like what Calgary, Dallas, Philadelphia, and Toronto are doing. I’m sure others are doing the same as well, those are just the ones I remember off the top of my head.
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by saskhab on Jun 11, 2009 1:37 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
In the worst case, the Bulldogs simply suspend operations for the year, and the Canadiens sign some deals to place their prospects on various other teams.
Maybe the Bulldogs end up in Victoria to pair up with Abbotsford, while the Canadiens and a western NHL team do an affiliation flip?
No matter how this turns out though, I think the Coyotes are set in Phoenix. We’ll see what 2010-11 brings though.
by Resolute on Jun 11, 2009 1:58 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
There are 2 reasons you can’t account for the Washington Senators (and I can say this as someone living in northern Virginia) anomaly:
1.) As James already pointed out, that number includes MLB’s later selling of the team.
2.) Any money that may have been given to Baltimore is NOT a fair comparison to the Hamilton-Toronto situation. Baltimore is a very small market, and a large portion of its fan base was in the Washington suburbs (and arguably still is).
Toronto, by comparison, is the larger market (like DC), and Hamilton the smaller (like Baltimore).
The NFL’s Baltimore Ravens didn’t have to pay (to my knowledge) a territorial fee to the Washington Redskins when they moved into town, so why should Hamilton have to pay an exorbitant number?
Buffalo may have a small argument to be made, but the Maple Leafs are just grandstanding. Have we all forgotten that Toronto is the top revenue club in the league despite their horrible on-ice performance? Imagine the profits they’re capable of when they put a good team on the ice! Toronto’s a household name in hockey, and they have fans everywhere, much like the NFL’s Cowboys or Steelers. If they’d just put a good team together they’re revenues would be ridiculous.
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 11:26 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
The NFL’s Baltimore Ravens didn’t have to pay (to my knowledge) a territorial fee to the Washington Redskins when they moved into town, so why should Hamilton have to pay an exorbitant number?
This could be because NFL teams had already co-existed in the Washington-Baltimore market prior to the departure of the Colts.
by dzuunmod on Jun 11, 2009 12:07 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
‘Could be’, but doubtful. Using that logic, the argument could have been made in the Orioles-Nationals debate, as twice before Washington and Baltimore had co-existing baseball teams (Senators I, Senators II). It’s not DC’s fault that Baltimore never grew at the same size as other cities.
The greater parallel remains (in my opinion) the idea of a team moving into the smaller portion of a greater market that’s debateably not the same market anyway (Hamilton-Toronto, Baltimore-Washington, as both Baltimore and Hamilton are considered their own metropolitan areas). When that happened, the Ravens didn’t pay the ’Skins.
If the NHL has its own precedent with the Devils-Rangers-Islanders, I’m sure an economist or financial wizard could adjust the numbers for inflation and revenue growth and produce a fair number nowhere near what Bettman and co. are producing.
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 12:21 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
It’s also worth noting that even with the Ravens debateably existing inside Washington’s ‘market’ that the Redskins are the 2nd-highest valued football franchise, and were 1st until this year (when the Cowboys get their new stadium).
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 12:23 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
They were valued so highly because Snyder paid 900 million for the franchise. The Modells got such a sweet deal from the State of Maryland concerning the Ravens, that there was no way they were gonna turn it down.
Problem with the whole O’s/Nats thing was that Angelos was claiming the entire territory from southern PA to North Carolina as O’s “territory” and MLB didn’t want to get caught up in litigation from an ex tobacco lawyer.
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by YvonLabresMoustache on Jun 11, 2009 12:47 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
The O’s primary argument concerned the DC area, as I recall it. You can claim all the territory you want, but NC does not have many Baltimore fans. Once the entire South was (/still is, you could argue) full of Braves fans, but they didn’t throw a fit when teams started moving in.
DC is the argument because it’s the only place that fits the 50-75 mile radius generally within the ‘market’ argument for pro sports teams.
And yes, Snyder paid that much… because that was about the market price. Do you really think he intentionally over-paid by millions of dollars for his franchise? That’s a weak argument. The Redskins are arguably the third most popular franchise in football given their large market and rabid fanbase.
Also, when you say “The Modells got such a sweet deal from the State of Maryland concerning the Ravens, that there was no way they were gonna turn it down,” I hardly know what you’re trying to argue. The fact remains that the Ravens didn’t pay a fee to the Skins. The state of Maryland didn’t pay one to DC either, so what’s your point?
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 1:04 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
that’s because everyone in Baltimore only just barely rooted for the Redskins. The redskins had such a rabid following in the 1980s form the immediate DC area that they didn’t really need Baltimore fans, and speaking from personal experience of growing up in Baltimore in the late ’80s, there was never the same sort of connection to the Redskins like there is in the DC suburbs.
Peter Angelos is an ass, but he probably did have legitimate concerns about Orioles attendance dropping with the Nats arrival. Most night Camden Yards is barely half full because he’s driven a storied franchise right into the ground, and people driving from DC and VA are going to see the Nats as a more attractive option. Fortunately for Angelos, the Lerners are even worse owners and the Nats were on pace this morning to lose 119 games, so people still drive up to Baltimore on the off chance that the Orioles might win.
by RedBirdie on Jun 11, 2009 1:09 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
If they had not previously had the Colts, do you not doubt that the Baltimore area would have consisted of Redskins fans?
How about when the Clippers moved from San Diego to LA? Or when the Ducks started in Anaheim? Or, even, when the Angels started in southern Cal in baseball?
All three times the newer team did not affect the other team, and the other teams have been stable and (with exception of the Kings) successful. Even the Kings could be successful though if they’d put a decent team together.
As I’ve said, Buffalo could maybe make an argument, but Toronto’s just greedy. As the Shoalts article points out:
“Andrew Zimbalist, an economics professor at Smith College in Massachusetts and a leading sports economist, said in a declaration the NHL itself estimated there are between 2.5 million and 3 million NHL fans in the Toronto-Hamilton area compared to 1.9 million in the New York-New Jersey area, which has three NHL teams.”
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 1:20 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
of course if the Colts had never been there, things would have been different. But they were there and having lived through them leaving and the entire region getting their hopes up every time there was an expansion, Baltimore only watched the Redskins out of necessity, not out of passion for the ‘Skins. They kept hoping, right up until the NFL told them to take their money a build a shopping mall, that football would be back (at which point they went an essential stole Cleveland, but that’s another story). Heck, the city went nuts for a CFL team. Using the Redskins example is a poor choice in my opinion because Baltimore was never really Redskins territory to begin with.
by RedBirdie on Jun 11, 2009 1:33 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Alright, I’ll grant you the analogy hardly fits either way and may be more on part with the Mets trying to re-capture the attention of lost Dodgers/Giants fans in the New York City area, as those people always were indifferent to the Yankees. The point does, remain, however, that the NFL didn’t make them pay a fine based on the 50-75 mile radius formula.
I’ll also continue to argue, as I’ve done below, that:
Teams that have moved into/expanded into another team’s ‘market’ and the original team has been just fine.
NFL:
-The Raiders moved into the 49ers market twice. San Francisco could have thrown a fit during the NFL-AFL merger and prevented Oakland from entering, but wound up being ok. The 49ers have won 5 Super Bowls.
-The Ravens moved into the Redskins market, years after the Colts had bolted for Indianapolis and Washington is the 1st-2nd most valuable football franchise. (will be 2nd this year thanks to the Cowboys new stadium)
NBA:
-The Clippers moved into the Lakers’ ‘market’ and the Lakers are arguably the most consistently successful franchise in sports.
-You could argue the Nets moved in to the Knicks’ ‘market,’ yet the Knicks are incredibly successful financially (despite sucking on the court), and may soon move closer again (Brooklyn, anyone?).
MLB:
-The Angels started in the Dodgers’ ‘market’, and yet both clubs have won the World Series since and both are financially stable.
-The Athletics moved into the Giants’ ‘market,’ and yet both clubs are successful and stable.
NHL:
-The aforementioned Devils move into the NY/NJ region.
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 1:37 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
The Dodgers moved into the Angels Market in the Pacific Coast League with the absolute intent of either running the franchise into the ground or convincing the Angles to join MLB. The PCL rivaled MLB so MLB moved two teams to California in an attempt to squash the PCL. It worked and the Angles had to join MLB.
by PensFan024 on Jun 11, 2009 2:45 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
I really wish this had gone the other way, leading to the PCL moving up to be a third major league.
by J. Michael Neal on Jun 11, 2009 8:28 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
an old article of James’ worth reading on the small/big market question, btw:
http://mirtle.blogspot.com/2007/11/big-small-markets.html
I love the Ian Pulver quote, btw:
“The fact that the Edmonton Oilers are a revenue-share provider, and considered a big market in the National Hockey League … that doesn’t make sense to me,” Pulver said. “The Edmonton Oilers are a small market who should forever receive money in any professional sports league. When the Edmonton Oilers become a revenue-share recipient for the right reasons, that will be a signal that the league is headed in the right direction.”
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 11:32 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
Which utterly fails to take into account certain cultural factors that make Edmonton a disproportionately better market for hockey than any other pro sport.
Or, from another angle, do the Green Bay Packers need to be on the dole for the NFL to be considered a healthy league?
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by Doogie2K on Jun 11, 2009 2:00 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Maybe, maybe not. Cheeseheads are some seriously disturbed people, and the team is really the Wisconsin Packers. The whole state grinds to a halt on football Sundays, except for the sports bars. It is possible that the Packers pull in enough people from around the state that they would survive. However, the key would be what sort of local TV contract they could get. My guess is that they’d survive, but be bottom feeders.
That wouldn’t exactly break my heart. I spend time trying to figure out which group is more annoying, Vikings fans or Packers fans. I come down on the side of Vikings fans, but that’s probably only because I live in Minnesota. If I lived in Wisconsin, I’d probably think Packers fans are more irritating.
by J. Michael Neal on Jun 11, 2009 8:33 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Teams that have moved into/expanded into another team’s ‘market’ and the original team has been just fine.
NFL:
-The Raiders moved into the 49ers market twice. San Francisco could have thrown a fit during the NFL-AFL merger and prevented Oakland from entering, but wound up being ok. The 49ers have won 5 Super Bowls.
-The Ravens moved into the Redskins market, years after the Colts had bolted for Indianapolis and Washington is the 1st-2nd most valuable football franchise. (will be 2nd this year thanks to the Cowboys new stadium)
NBA:
-The Clippers moved into the Lakers’ ‘market’ and the Lakers are arguably the most consistently successful franchise in sports.
-You could argue the Nets moved in to the Knicks’ ‘market,’ yet the Knicks are incredibly successful financially (despite sucking on the court), and may soon move closer again (Brooklyn, anyone?).
MLB:
-The Angels started in the Dodgers’ ‘market’, and yet both clubs have won the World Series since and both are financially stable.
-The Athletics moved into the Giants’ ‘market,’ and yet both clubs are successful and stable.
NHL:
-The aforementioned Devils move into the NY/NJ region.
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 1:30 PM CDT reply actions 0 recs
LA, NYC, and the Bay Area are incredibly populous “markets”, and have proven to sustain more than one team in the area in pretty much every sport at the same time. This would be new for the Golden Horseshoe area in Ontario, and is probably a bit more analagous to the Washington-Baltimore one with it’s size and wealth. That being said, Washington and Baltimore are a lot more sustainable as independent cities than Hamilton is. Hamilton is very small by itself, only Green Bay has a major pro sports franchise that is smaller than Hamilton (and Green Bay is the funny anomoly, with no nearby competition in the highest revenue generating league on the continent). Baltimore is about 3 times the size of Hamilton.
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by saskhab on Jun 11, 2009 1:44 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
The paint thinner drinking Packers’ fans are a whole subspecies unto themselves.
by J. Michael Neal on Jun 11, 2009 1:54 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
There are a lot of towns near Hamilton though which they can draw from.
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by furcifer on Jun 11, 2009 4:06 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Also of relevance is the NHL expanding into Anaheim. IIRC, some of the Ducks expansion fee was given to the Kings. I may be out to lunch, but it might well have been $25 million to the Kings, and $25 million to the rest of the league.
by Resolute on Jun 11, 2009 1:59 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
I hesitated to use the Ducks since the Kings haven’t been successful, but they’ve certainly been stable. They could do amazing financially if they would just put a winner on the ice again.
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 2:12 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Have we not all already established that Hamilton would draw fans from the Toronto metro area though? And that Toronto is not only a huge market when it comes to hockey, but that the Leafs have had the highest revenue for pretty much ever?
Sports clubs work in any sport in mega markets because when a market is gigantic it pretty much assures that at least a share of said market the size of a smaller market cares about one given sport.
A smaller ‘market’ that is hockey crazy and would only have to support 1 ‘Big Four’ sport (I do not count the CFL) and is next to the largest hockey-crazed market in North America should do just fine.
I’ve been making the argument for years that a smaller market in the U.S. around the same size as Hamilton could support one team in one ‘Big Four’ sport, and probably do so more successfully than a medium-sized market like Minneapolis that tries to have four ‘Big Four’ teams.
Salt Lake City has been proving this for decades in basketball (the SLC area has only recently begun to grow rapidly in the last decade, much like Hamilton and southern Ontario may continue to do soon), and Oklahoma City has a chance to prove it too. If Memphis didn’t suck so much, they could probably prove it as well.
Baseball and football can be tricky analogies since they’re the two most popular sports to watch, but baseball could someday be on par with basketball and hockey and thus more open to smaller-market clubs.
I guarantee there are more hockey fans in a metro area the size of Hamilton than there are in many U.S. markets, and even with the ‘capture-value’ Bettman and others see in larger markets, those clubs are still generally competing with 2-3 other ‘Big Four’ teams in their area.
It doesn’t matter if an area is twice the size of Hamilton if their hockey team is fighting with 3 other pro sports team for fan interest. True, if the club is successful, they may temporarily have more revenue-producing opportunities than a small-market team like Hamilton, but in their bad years we’ll continue to see revenue declines. An area like Hamilton, which is hockey-crazed and would only have to support one ‘Big Four’ team would be a more consistent contributor to revenue than a swath of Sun Belt teams whose ‘potential’ is counter-balanced out when their peers under-perform and don’t sell tickets.
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 2:09 PM CDT reply actions 0 recs
such a solid point. one day the NHL and NBA will have to realize that they’re in direct competition, and have more to gain by divvying up the small- and mid-sized cities. so hockey will stay out of portland and SLC and get out of Atlanta and PHX (neither mid-sized, i know), and basketball will stay out of st. louis and san jose, and will get out of minny and denver.
by passive_voice on Jun 11, 2009 4:11 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Just a thought, but the NBA doesn’t need another Bay Area team – the Golden State Warriors are based in Oakland and doing just fine drawing fans despite their incompetent boob of an owner allowing the team to operate as one of basketball’s biggest gong shows. I don’t think anybody has to worry about the NBA moving into San Jose.
I has good practice. Mike Grier keep shooting puck at me, and my confidence boosted very more. - "Evgeni Nabokov"
by Nael M. on Jun 11, 2009 5:11 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
As much as I dislike all four of the teams, I don’t think that it’s accurate to say that the Twin Cities (you could get lynched calling it the “Minneapolis market” anywhere east of 280) has trouble supporting all four teams. The Vikings are huge around here. The Twins go through stretches where they draw like crazy. The Wild are definitely a success. The Timberwolves are terrible; they’re not just bad on the court, but the organization is utterly unlikeable. If they disappeared, I’d be pretty happy; maybe they’d tear down that hideous excuse for an arena, too.
by J. Michael Neal on Jun 11, 2009 8:38 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
I think the only issue with MLB ever becoming more like the NBA and NHL regarding small-markets is that baseball stadiums tend to be about double the size of hockey and basketball arenas (or more than double) and baseball teams play roughly twice as many home dates.
Granted, ticket prices are lower, but fans still have limited hours to devote to their teams.
by dzuunmod on Jun 12, 2009 10:23 AM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
I came to some interesting conclusions once I crunched some numbers for fun.
The way I reached these conclusions is as follows:
1.) I plugged the metropolitan area data for U.S. MSAs and Canadian CSAs from 2008 population estimates into an Excel spreadsheet.
2.) I tallied all the NFL, MLB, NBA, and NHL teams in a given market.
3.) I divided the population by the total number of teams in the market to test strength.
4.) I ran separate test for inclusion of MLS, and an additional test for the inclusion of both MLS and the CFL.
There are 27 markets since NYR/NYI/NJ share a market, as does LA/ANA. Both of those markets stay far ahead of most others though in population per team, so that’s more than fine.
Not including the CFL or MLS, Hamilton would rank 25th out of 27 NHL markets in Population per Team at 629,911.But that’s just the Hamilton CSA.
Now, if you included Kitchener, Guelph, and London, Hamilton ranks 8th out of NHL markets for Population per Team (when only including ‘Big 4’ sports) and is basically on par with Toronto. Under that scenario, the Hamilton/Kitchener/Guelph/London market has 1,728,875 people per team, just a nudge above Toronto at 1,704,383 people per team. When/if you include the CFL and MLS, Hamilton still ranks 19th out of 27 NHL markets (including Kitchener/Guelph/London) at 864,4375 people per team.
The inclusion of Kitchener, Guelph, and London is interesting, because though it boasts Hamilton’s market up to 1,728,875, it does so by only including CSAs that are not a part of the Toronto CSA and it does so by only including areas west of Hamilton (and therefore not interfering with Buffalo).
For those of you interested, the Toronto CSA is 5,113,149 and does include Mississauga.
Buffalo has problems because (no offense to Sabres fans) it’s Buffalo. Even without a team in Hamilton, Buffalo is 24th of 27 NHL markets in population per team, ahead of only Calgary, Edmonton, and Denver. And that’s including the CFL and MLS. Subtract those two, and Buffalo is 26th of 27.
Buffalo should probably be compensated, but the Sabres themselves have admitted as much in the past that Hamilton is not really their market. Yes, they have a small percentage of Canadian fans, but those mostly come from east of Hamilton, and Buffalo’s problems have more to do with the size of Buffalo than any team moving to Southern Ontario.
The Southern Ontario question seems inevitable to me, but if Balsillie must pay Buffalo something to soothe its pain as a shrinking market (which is occurring regardless of what happens with Hamilton), so be it. Toronto is just a crying schemer desperate to hold on to its outrageous market advantage. Even with a team in Southern Ontario, Toronto will likely lead the league in revenue, as there are more hockey fans in Toronto than anywhere else in North America. Should the Leafs put a good team on the ice, there’s almost no limit to what they could accomplish.
Anyone interested in seeing the numbers I crunched can e-mail me at erikgeib (at) yahoo (dot) com. I have 3 separate Excel sheets: the pro sports markets without a team in Hamilton, the markets with Hamilton as just Hamilton (and not London, Kitchener, and Guelph), and the expanded Southern Ontario market.
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 4:37 PM CDT reply actions 0 recs
Dude, I’m doing the exact same thing right now. I even emailed James some of the preliminary results.
Hockey blogging can't get any flatter.
by saskhab on Jun 11, 2009 4:55 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
I was going off the 2006 census totals, though. When I’m done doing all I want to do, I’ll probably ask for your 2008 data just to see if there’s any noticeable trends.
Hockey blogging can't get any flatter.
by saskhab on Jun 11, 2009 5:07 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
The data should be about the same. I have the 2006 data for Canada and the 2008 data for the U.S. I also included all sports markets, plus other large markets. This includes top 50 U.S. markets and top 10 Canadian markets, plus other markets of note
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 5:56 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Guys feel free to post this stuff on the site. Always looking for more contributions, and I’ll do my best to promote it.
Blogging on hockey at fromtherink.com
by James Mirtle on Jun 11, 2009 8:03 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
This is interesting, but really just somewhere between a third and a half of the story. There are two other parts that need to be considered, both of which push the Maple Leafs up the chart.
The first is the income of the people in the metropolitan area. Boston is not only big, but also very wealthy. So, it’s teams rake in a lot of cash, since the people have it to spend. My impression (and it comes from no digging through data, so feel free to correct me) is that the Hamilton area is significantly poorer than Toronto itself.
The second element is that teams don’t divide up the market evenly. Even within the NHL, there are a lot more Rangers fans than there are of either the Islanders or the Devils. St. Louis is a baseball town, and the Cardinals draw a lot more attention than the Blues or Rams. My guess is that Toronto cares about, and spends a lot more money on, the Maple Leafs than they do on the Raptors or the Blue Jays.
Lastly, there are also places where college football is more of a factor than MLS or the CFL, and probably even some of the big four professional sports. Atlanta is one. Most of Florida is as well. There isn’t a good way of figuring out in which metro areas it’s enough of a draw to make a difference in the analysis, but there are definitely some.
by J. Michael Neal on Jun 11, 2009 8:48 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Yeah, I’m trying to see what impact income has in realtion to this solid figure. Really, you need to almost write a book to explain certain fluctuations like college football, the CFL, Big 10 basketball, and so on. Also, the NFL is the biggest show in town in almost every city it’s in, so it’d be cool if there was some kind of weight measurement placed on this. Franchise value could be an easy enough figure to work in.
The CFL doesn’t effect or draw anything away form any NHL teams. The CFL maybe has a small effect on the Blue Jays, but that’d be about it. Heck, Toronto FC probably has a bigger effect on the pro sports market in Toronto than the Argos. While the CFL is of mild significance because it’s the top level of football available in any Canadian city, I don’t think it can explain too much for any market. Maybe the arrival of the Alouettes in ‘96 helped expidate the death of the Expos, but I think that’s a pretty tough sell.
Hockey blogging can't get any flatter.
by saskhab on Jun 11, 2009 9:59 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
I’ve included the CFL in figures for only a few reasons:
1.) It brings down Hamilton’s number, which is likely fair.
2.) It helps bring down Canadian cities in general, as Canadian fans don’t only care about hockey. This would be like saying American cities only care about American football. Bringing down the Canadian number across the board presents a more realistic figure in my opinion.
The figures I’m using aren’t necessarily to ascertain hockey market viability, but franchise viability in general in a given population. I think many American markets are over-saturated while others (such as Hamilton/Southern Ontario) could obviously support at least 1 ‘Big Four’ franchise.
As I’ve said, most of Buffalo’s problems don’t arise from Hamilton possibly getting a team – they largely arise from Buffalo being too small of an area to realistically have two major sports franchises in the ‘Big Four’ sports. Realistically, they’ll probably have to wind up losing 1club to avoid losing both. My money would be on the Bills leaving because of the NFL’s incredible money requirements (I can’t see Buffalo affording the eventual new stadium that will someday become necessary), but Green Bay always proves that tradition and dedication can make an exception. Nevertheless, a tradition-driven fluke like Green Bay (Milwaukee factor aside) could never support a second team. I love Buffalo, but it’s just not realistic for them to support two franchises while sports A.) become higher-stakes economically and B.) other cities/areas out-grow them population-wise.
When you look down the chart you see all sorts of cities with major sports-funding problems. On my favorite chart that I’ve created (one that has Hamilton expanded to include Southern Ontario and only uses the ‘Big Four’ sports), the bottom markets NHL-wise go:
20. Edmonton
21. St. Louis
22. Tampa
23. Minneapolis
24. Pittsburgh
25. Nashville
26. Denver
27. Buffalo
All of those places (save for Minneapolis and Denver) have had money problems at some point. You could also argue that all of those places would no longer be over-saturated if they shed just 1 team. Pittsburgh might be the sole exception because it’s an incredible sports town with franchises that have won multiple titles in all its sports, but even with that the Penguins had notorious finance problems not but a few years ago. Without MLB’s revenue-sharing, you could easily say the Pirates would be in trouble too.
I’m not saying Minneapolis should drop the Wild, far from it. But the Stars leaving did show one thing: the sports market there is over-saturated. If the Timber Wolves left, for example, it would probably settle a lot better. Particularly given the college sports influence in the Twin Cities.
I’m not sure what to make of Denver, but it’s a fastly-growing city, and two of it’s ‘Big Four’ franchises are relatively new in the grand scheme of things (Rockies and Avs in the ‘90s). Besides, the Rockies, save for their miracle run and baseball’s ridiculous revenue-sharing, have certainly had their problematic share of selling tickets.
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 10:16 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
College sports isn’t that big in the Twin Cities. The University of Minnesota is the only Division I school in the state, though four others play DI hockey only. The football team has been terrible for four decades. The basketball team is up and down, never truly terrible attendance wise, but never dominating, either. The hockey team is big by the standards of NCAA hockey, which means that it’s barely noticeable in the overall sports picture.
This area is also one of the places where income comes into play, as Minneapolis/St. Paul is pretty well off.
by J. Michael Neal on Jun 11, 2009 10:38 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
The football team can be as terrible as it wants, but it still draws some 50,000 people per game for 7-8 games per year. That’s money that could otherwise be spent supporting another team/sport. Also, they get a new stadium this year.
And Minneapolis isn’t that well-off financially compared nationally to other major metros. Where did you come up with that?
by VA Libertarian on Jun 12, 2009 1:06 AM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
The football team can be as terrible as it wants, but it still draws some 50,000 people per game for 7-8 games per year.
No, it doesn’t. Last year, it averaged less than 48,000 per game, and that’s including the Iowa game, which is always a sellout because of visiting fans that drive up from Iowa. That’s about as high as it ever gets. The only games that break 50,000 are Michigan, Wisconsin, and Iowa, and that’s from fans that aren’t a part of the Twin Cities market. If you consider the number of student tickets they’ve practically given away, the drain on demand for sports tickets is significantly smaller.
This will be going down, because the capacity of TCF Bank Stadium is going to be just over 50,000, so they won’t be able to drag up the average by selling 65,000 tickets for the Wisconsin or Iowa games.
And Minneapolis isn’t that well-off financially compared nationally to other major metros. Where did you come up with that?
The Bureau of Economic Affairs, and the Census Bureau. Per capita GDP of the Minneapolis/St. Paul MSA is about $50,000 per year, while the per capita average for all MSAs is about $41,000 per year. The median income produces a similar comparison.
by J. Michael Neal on Jun 12, 2009 12:14 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
I don’t intend to use such data to prove market viability one way or another, but the numbers can paint an interesting story.
Obviously, wealth and cultural considerations are factors, but they are much harder to quantitatively analyze off the cuff. The point of the data isn’t to assertively demonstrate one place over another as marketable purely on population division per team – it’s to present the idea that a market isn’t “too small” when it’s largely in the middle to top of a field when given such considerations.
For example, using an expanded market for a Hamilton club (one that includes the London, Kitchener, and Guelph CSAs, but no part of Toronto-Mississauga or Niagara Falls-St. Catherines), Hamilton ranks 8th out of 27 NHL markets in population per professional sports teams (‘Big 4’ only), 3rd/27 including MLS, and 19th/27 including the CFL. Obviously college sports are a factor in parts of the United States, but this actually favors the viability of the Hamilton/Southern Ontario market for a number of reasons:
1.) Many markets below Hamilton in these rankings are college-sports-heavy. Examples include (using Hamilton’s lowest ranking of 18): Minneapolis (19th, home of the University of Minnesota), Pittsburgh (20th, home of the University of Pittsburgh), Nashville (22nd, home of Vanderbilt Univ.), and Denver (nearby Boulder has the Univ. of Colorado).
2.) Hamilton/Southern Ontario does not have the side distraction of major college sports.
by VA Libertarian on Jun 11, 2009 10:01 PM CDT up reply actions 0 recs
Full analysis is now online:
http://bettersportsleagues.blogspot.com/2009/06/long-term-viability-of-professional.html
Anyone who wants the full data sets (50 U.S. metro areas plus 10 Canadian CSAs) is more than welcome to e-mail me. erikgeib (at) yahoo (dot) com.
Those who read too much into what I’ve been arguing are either A.) dismissing parts of my arguments in favor of their viewpoints or B.) playing devil’s advocate [a popular online past-time]. Take it for what it is – fun. Relax, people.
by VA Libertarian on Jun 12, 2009 1:09 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs
Im pretty sure the readers of this blog are doing better research on this topic than the NHL.
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by poploser on Jun 12, 2009 10:22 AM CDT reply actions 0 recs

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